Should the optical module be connected to fiber optic cable or network cable

Yes, optical modules generally require a fiber optic cable to transmit and receive data, as they convert electrical signals into optical signals for fiber transmission.How Optical Modules WorkAn optical module, such as an SFP transceiver, is a hot-pluggable device that converts electrical signals from network equipment into optical signals for transmission over fiber, and vice versa for incoming signals (Wikipedia) . The module has an electrical interface that connects to the network device and an optical interface that connects to the fiber optic cable (Wikipedia) . Without a fiber connection, the module cannot send or receive optical signals to other devices.Fiber Connection RequirementsTo operate properly, the optical module must be connected to a compatible fiber optic cable. This involves:Ensuring the module matches the fiber type (single-mode or multimode) and network speed (1G, 10G, 25G, etc.) (Weunion Guide) .Removing dust caps and cleaning the fiber connector to prevent signal loss (Walsun) .Aligning the fiber connector with the module's optical port and securing it until it clicks (UnitekFiber) . The fiber cable carries the optical signal to the receiving device, where another optical module converts it back into an electrical signal. Without this connection, the module cannot complete the data transmission path.Exceptions and AlternativesSome optical modules can also work with Direct Attach Copper (DAC) cables, which are twin-axial copper cables with SFP connectors on both ends. These allow short-distance connections without fiber, typically within racks or between nearby switches (Weunion Guide) . However, for long-distance or high-speed optical transmission, a fiber optic cable is required.SummaryIn most cases, an optical module needs to be plugged into a fiber optic cable to function as intended. The only exception is when using DAC or AOC cables for short-range electrical connections, but for standard optical networking, the fiber connection is essential for transmitting and receiving data reliably.