For the optical module industry, these raw materials form the "basic framework" of product manufacturing— critical components such as metal pins, cable connectors, and gold fingers on PCB boards all rely on precious and non-ferrous metals. Its primary function is to achieve optoelectronic conversion by converting electrical signals into optical signals and vice versa. From energy-efficient LED lighting to. Therefore, WEEE is a valuable secondary source of specific materials and elements, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and precious metals (PMs), which can contribute to the balance between reserves and demand, especially for metals classified as critical, as the concentration of metals in WEEE is. From structural and conductive metals that form the physical framework of servers to precious and semiconductor-grade materials that power data processing and storage, each mineral plays a distinct and vital role. Their applications range from high-speed processors and fibre-optic communication to. To reduce energy consumption in buildings and to maintain comfortable conditions, lighting equipment that includes light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and lighting management equipment is utilised. In this study, integrated circuits detached from lighting equipment were characterised for the presence.
